This paper investigates empirically the relationship between the pattern of fiscal policy and the demand for international reserves in developing countries, and how this relationship is associated with political risk and conditional access to global capital markets. It finds evidence that for developing countries with low political risk, countercyclical (procyclical) fiscal policies are associa...

This paper investigate the stabilization bias that arises in a model of non-cooperative monetary and fiscal policy stabilisation of the economy, when monetary authority implements price level targeting but fiscal policy remains benevolent. We demonstrate the gain in welfare improvement depends on the level of steady state debt. If the steady state level of the government debt is low, then the m...

Oil sector is the most effective sector in these countries. Oil is the most important product that world industries use as the cheapest energy. The price of oil depends on the world’s supply and demand and many economic, political and geographical variables. This is the reason why the price of oil has fluctuations. The fluctuations in oil price lead to fluctuate in the oil revenues of the membe...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: D42 Q40 C61 Keywords: Quantity instead of price strategies OPEC Dynamic Stochastic and convex demand Uncertainty This paper analyzes the optimal strategy of a monopoly facing stochastic and dynamic demand and choosing a Cournot-type strategy, more precisely, adjusting its output. This investigation is motivated by the decisions of OPEC to adjust its out...

Most industrialised countries have public sector current expenditure of 35 to 50 per cent of Gross Domestic Product and have come under increasing fiscal pressure to cut or control their spending levels. This has brought about the need for policy makers to be able to evaluate what the government gets for its money. To do so, many countries have developed elaborate oversight mechanisms involving...

Abstract The study analyzed the impact of monetary policy shocks on economic growth in 12 countries Economic Community West African States (ECOWAS), using quarterly data from 1980(1) to 2017(4). We employed a Panel Structural Vector Autoregressive (Panel SVAR) for modeling transmission shock segregated sub-regions WAMZ and WAEMU. key results suggest that fluctuations do not have significant eff...

Based on a panel data model this paper investigates whether the effects of fiscal policy on national saving in Europe have changed after the Maastricht Treaty came into force. Recently Giavazzi, Jappelli and Pagano (2000) found evidence that national saving responds nonlinearly to fiscal policy when a large and persistent consolidation is undertaken. I show that their finding is not robust, one...