The traditional consideration of architectural history as a linear process, where one style successively replaces another, still dominates, but does not explain many phenomena. V.S. Goryunov substantiated fundamentally different, non-linear model the historical process in architecture on basis 19th – early 20th centuries. V. S. and M. P. Tubli proposed stylistic polyphony with introduction conc...

The general goal of this thesis is to model the prosodic aspects of speech to improve humancomputer dialogue systems. Towards this goal, we investigate a variety of ways of utilizing prosodic information to enhance speech recognition and understanding performance, and address some issues and difficulties in modeling speech prosody during this process. We explore prosodic modeling in two languag...

This study investigated speaker normalization in perception of Mandarin tone 2 (midrising) and tone 3 (low-falling-rising) by examining listeners' use of F0 range as a cue to speaker identity. Two speakers were selected such that tone 2 of the low-pitched speaker and tone 3 of the high-pitched speaker occurred at equivalent F0 heights. Production and perception experiments determined that turni...

While recent crosslinguistic studies have shown that the degree of speaker’s commitment or certainty is encoded intonationally either in a gradient or categorical fashion, our understanding of how French speakers use Intonational-Phrase (IP) final contours to signal their degree of certainty is limited. This paper investigates the contribution of a penultimate peak contour in French to convey s...

The paper proposes a framework for automatic prosody labeling. The labeling involves detection of the location of accented syllables and phrase boundaries, and recognition of pitch accent and boundary tone types. A number of classification models are designed to perform these tasks on the basis of small vectors of acoustic features. The models achieve high accuracy and their performance is comp...

The research investigated the tonal system of Hakka dialect spoken in Aceh province Indonesia. aim was twofold. First, it retranscribed dialect’s inventory and provided a comparison with Meixian found Chen’s (2007) research. Second, analyzed Shang Tone Sandhi Rule (STSR) its prosodic domain. data were collected careful design based on number syllables, different structures, variety combinations...

Modeling intonation, i.e., specifying adequate fundamental frequency (F0) contours, remains a challenging task for speech synthesis systems. This paper discusses the development of a system for phonetically specifying intonation contours for German. It deals with the problem of translating an abstract phonological representation of intonation namely the tone-sequence model into a concrete phone...

Researchers of tone are largely influenced by the properties of the language(s) on which they work. Since tone has an almost exclusively lexical function in East and Southeast Asian languages, researchers of these languages focus primarily on how languages and speakers distinguish tone on lexical morphemes. Languages such Thai, Vietnamese and the wide range within Chinese lead one to posit a pa...

The study of intonation in a (fully) tone language presents both a challenge and an opportunity. The challenge is to see how a language which exploits F0 mainly for the purpose of lexical and grammatical contrasts succeeds in encoding the functions often expressed by means of intonation in non-tonal languages. As is well-known, word-level distinctions can be quite rich in tone systems, which co...