The present study examined the different levels of (im)politeness strategies in expressing request, apology, and refusal speech acts across intermediate and advanced Iranian EFL learners to identify their attitudinal ratings of their produced structures in terms of pragmatic success and (im)politeness mannerism. A discourse completion test including 2 Likert scales on attitudinal appropriatenes...

introduction: children with pragmatic language impairment have problems with appropriate use of language according to age and context. assessment and intervention plans designed to be used with a pragmatically impaired child were discussed in this study. materials and methods: the primary method of data collection adopted in this study was observation method. accordingly, communicative partner ...

nowadays novel has a dominant role in literature owing to its special capability to demonstrate the social dilemmas and stories. the main factor which makes a novel attractive is proportionality and symmetry of dialogue with characters and the story. in the case of narratology of a story, an alerted analyzer illustrates premier features of the story with employing narrative mechanisms and story...

Historical reconstruction problems of traditional rituals, worldview, language and poetics folklore, folk art require an integrated approach from a modern researcher the ethnos spiritual culture. The latter takes into account achievements related sciences, primarily ethnocultural studies ethnolinguistics, archeology folklore studies, comparative typological ethnology. Using this method, history...

<p><em>Pragmatic studies have been widely conducted, but speech acts on motivational speeches were rarely investigated. Moreover, functions of illocutionary are received very limited scholarly attention. These gaps encouraging the researchers to conduct present analyze contained in Oprah Winfrey’s with two purposes. First, it is identify forms Oprah's speech. Second, also determines...

alternative assessment approaches received considerable attention soon after a discontent with traditional, one-shot testing. these approaches, however, have been used only to improve learners’ linguistic ability despite communicative models of language which pointed that knowledge of language also involves pragmatic ability (bachman, 1990; bachman & palmer, 1996). the present study tries t...