The world is in the midst of a digital revolution. The new tools of social media have reinvented social activism. The purpose of the paper is to provide a framework and terminology to use when referring to digital activism and to provide and understanding of the fundamental difference between traditional activism as it existed for decades and as it has now transformed itself into a sharper and ...

'A revolution', writes Samuel P. Huntington in Political Order in Changing Societies, 'is a rapid, fundamental, and violent domestic change in the dominant values and myths of a society, in its political institutions, social structure, leadership, and government activities and policies'.' In The Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution, Lenin provides a different, but comple...

Institutions, Markets and Men’s and Women’s Wage Inequality: Evidence from Ukraine ∗ Ukraine, the second largest country in the former Soviet bloc, is facing the challenge of rallying popular support for major structural reforms. As in most developing economies, the “Orange Revolution” government’s success will depend on its ability to keep income distribution within an acceptable range. This p...

many political concepts as well as technology exported to various regions of the world from europe after renaissance, industrial revolution and protestantism. meanwhile western technology andconcepts of political philosophy came to iran since nineteenth century. republicanism was one of these concepts. this concept and idea as one of the most factors in iranian contemporary political - social t...

in iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. this es...