The medical writings of early medieval western Europe c. 700 – c. 1000 have often been derided for their disorganised appearance, poor Latin, nebulous conceptual framework, admixtures of magic and folklore, and general lack of those positive features that historians attribute to ancient or later medieval medicine. This paper attempts to rescue the period from its negative image. It examines a n...

In this paper, a five–dimensional mathematical model is proposed for the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS within a population of varying size. In writing the model, we have divided the population under consideration into five sub classes of susceptible, infective, pre-AIDS, AIDS related complex and that of AIDS patients. The model has two non- negative equilibria namely, a disease free and the...

bilingual dictionary use in l2 writing test performance has recently been the subject of debate. opinions differ according to how the trait is understood and whether the system favors the process-oriented or product-oriented views towards the assessment and writing skill. given the need for more empirical support, this study is aimed at investigating the availability of bilingual dictionary use...

Dear Editor, Many years ago unprofessional supervisors were identified as one of the main reasons for the withdrawal of a student’s study. Recently in some universities, unethical supervision has become an increasing concern of students and ethic committees. The last few years has witnessed an increase in the withdrawal rate of students who quit their study because of the poor guidance of their...

After presenting the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in china, it has spread rapidly in the community and now has declared as a pandemic causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the date of writing this report, the COVID-19 has affected 192 countries and one international conveyance (the Diamond Princess cruise ship harbored in Yokohama, Japan) around the world with the total cases of 341...

writing system that we know to be a derived one. This early branching point is thus the equivalent of speciation in biological evolution. The separate writing systems of these neighbouring regions must have been mutually incomprehensible. Over a short time span — three centuries at most, but probably much less — the proto-Elamite script spread across Iran, offering a prime example of cultural d...

the present paper aims to analyze the method of sibooye in syntactic analysis with reference to grammar writing and applied syntax. the outcome of this study shows that the method of sibooye is structure writing mixed with analysis. he didn’t suffice to quoting what he heard but moves forward and does functionalism analysis. the nearest reasons showing sibooye’s attempt on this method is that m...

objective: lack of scientific writing skills is one major problem encountered for publication of research results of iranian scientists in accredited journals. as the result, many research projects or dissertation findings remain unpublished. this study aimed to assess the quality of writing of the “results” section of some original articles published in iranian farsi and international english ...

Arnau de Vilanova, one of the most important physicians of the Latin Middle Ages, was familiar with the vast majority of Aristotle's works that had been translated into Latin. He used a wide range of them, such as the Organon--the introductory books on logic - and the natural philosophical books, which cover a different branches of knowledge. He used Aristotle as an authority, trying to reconci...