This paper examines a standard sticky price monetary model. The equilibrium conditions of the model are perturbed relative to the canonical real business cycle model by two varying distortions: marginal cost and the nominal rate of interest. The paper explores the implications of two monetary policies that are frequently advocated: (1) an inflation target and (2) an interest rate target. Under ...

one of the ways to be informed on the extent of activities in various industries is to measure the rate of nominal protection. this paper tries to calculate the nominal and effective protection in order to examine the exchange rate unification impacts on the protection of pulp and paper industries with the aim of performing the exchange rate unification policy. therefore, nominal protection rat...

The economic situation in a wide range of economies in the wake of the crisis that began in 2007 is characterised by many as a liquidity trap. The original conceptualization of the liquidity trap was part of Keynes’s (1936) theory of liquidity preference. It referred to a situation where the monetary authorities could not reduce the nominal long-term interest rate any further by selling bonds b...

in recent years, iran has experienced high level depreciation of the nominal exchange rate (ner). the ultimate effects of such depreciation on iranian families’ welfare and income distribution have been a challenging issue among policymakers and researchers. accordingly, this study evaluates the economic effects of ner depreciation on the rice market, using spatial price equilibrium model. the ...

Many researchers have used a cointegration approach to test for the Fisher effect. This note argues that the cointegration of the nominal interest rate and the inflation rate is consistent with any theory implying a stationary real interest rate and so is not a sufficient condition for ex post the Fisher effect to hold. The sufficient condition is the unpredictability of the inflation forecast ...

W hether the United Kingdom (UK) should remain in the European Union (EU) or not has been a fiercely debated issue both before and after the referendum in the UK on June 23, 2016. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the pros and cons of the UK leaving the EU. It is concluded that if the UK leaves the EU, the resulting economic shock would risk adverse effects on macroecono...

Central bank behavior is often summarized by simple rules for operating targets, i.e., for a short-run nominal interest rate or for a money growth rate. In this paper we examine conditions under which these rules lead to identical fundamental solutions of a conventional business cycle model. When prices are ‡exible, forward looking interest rate rules can be equivalent to money growth policy. I...