Taking the importance of Pakistan’s dire need for energy breakthrough, in this paper, we explore how country’s vast estimated reserves 175 billion tons Thar coal is a useful source clean and efficient production good quality liquid fuel. Coal to (CTL) technology has gathered increasing attention among many countries with sufficient volume reserves, can also be implemented Pakistan, which result...

Control reserves are means for establishing and maintaining a balance between produced and consumed electrical energy in a power system even in cases of significant deviations of an actual operation conditions from planned ones. A correct dimensioning of control reserves is a very important task seeking a trade off between security and economy of power system operation. Frequently an approach t...

Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations threaten coral reefs globally by causing ocean acidification (OA) and warming. Yet, the combined effects of elevated pCO2 and temperature on coral physiology and resilience remain poorly understood. While coral calcification and energy reserves are important health indicators, no studies to date have measured energy reserve pools (i.e., lipid, protein, and ...

In practice, energy management encompasses several activities that give objective data on the principal users of fuel and energy, efficiency various developments certain types products, conservation reserves. This research investigates benefits stages EMS must be adopted in Iraq. The work considers significance using technology at Baghdad International Airport. Airport infrastructure necessitat...

Despite a rising output, in the last few decades the known reserves of fossil energy resources have steadily increased. Additionally, there are in all likelihood tremendous reserves of methane hydrate. In view of the climate change, new means must be explored for its use as an energy source. Starting with an assessment of various options for dealing with the carbon cycle and thermodynamic consi...

1. In a seasonal environment, subcutaneous energy reserves of resident animals often increase in winter and decline again in summer reflecting gradual seasonal changes in their fattening strategies. We studied changes in body reserves of wintering great tits in relation to their dominance status under two contrasting temperature regimes to see whether individuals are capable of optimizing their...

The body condition score (BCS) system is a subjective scoring method of evaluating the energy reserves of dairy animals to provide better understanding of biological relationships between body fat, milk production and reproduction. This method helps in adopting the optimum management practices to derive maximum production and maintain optimum health of the livestock. In this study, a new BCS sy...

During the antarctic winter emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) spend up to four mo fasting while they breed at rookeries 80 km or more from the sea, huddling close together in the cold. This breeding cycle makes exceptional demands on their energy reserves, and we therefore studied their thermoregulation and locomotion. Rates of metabolism were measured in five birds (mean body mass, 23.37...