With the development of Bakhtin's theory of polyphony in literary criticism, the kind of attitude to literary texts has changed, and according to the needs of modern society, this discourse became the focus of attention of thinkers and literary theorists. Polyphony, with its own meta-lingual potentials, brings with it a new approach, a rethinking of the audience, so that the reader can have a n...

in the second half of 20th century, the german thinker wolfgang iser developed a theory of reading literary texts that opened up new horizons in literary studies. by focusing on the reader instead of the writer, iser introduced new ways of reading. he subsequently extended his literary studies, went beyond the conventional domains, and developed a novel area of research which he named “literary...

n Calibrations, Ato Quayson provides us with a highly stimulating and thoughtprovoking method by which the literary aesthetic domain is read in order to shed light on larger social processes (xv).' Although there is some fluidity in the direction of this movement of thought, the motivating factor, indeed the primary interest in the aesthetic, is to put it to use for an understanding of the "soc...

The evolution of literary styles in the western tradition has been the subject of extended research that arguably has spanned centuries. In particular, previous work has conjectured the existence of a gradual yet persistent increase of the degree of self-awareness or introspection, i.e. that capacity to expound on one’s own thought processes and behaviors, reflected in the chronology of the cla...

This study is a joint project involving alcohol-addiction experts and experts on comparative literature, who selected and defined the literary texts that were employed. The research included long-term alcohol abstainers, members of aftercare supportive-therapy groups (n = 68). The research aimed to obtain some basic information about their reading habits, to test their responsiveness to various...