today, due to the direct and reverse logistics plays an important role in reducing the costs in supply chain. in this paper, in order to provide a closed-loop supply chain network including supply centers, production, distribution, collection, recycling and disposal of a used linear mixed integer programming. this paper to consider multi-period and multi-product in multi-level supply chain and ...

linear programming is a helpful and applied method for diet formulation based on minimum cost, but the minimum cost does not always mean maximum profit. this study was carried out to introduce a new diet formulation method based upon maximum profit to be replaced for minimum cost method. a total of 400 one-day-old broiler chicks (ross 308) were employed in the study. all broilers were fed simil...

labyrinth spillway is an appropriate option to pass pmf discharge. the most advantages of this type of spillway are higher discharge capacity, easy aeration as well as low fluctuations of flow surface. it is essential to find the optimum geometry considering the maximum passing discharge under specific hydraulic conditions with minimum construction cost. in this study, fuzzy inference system (f...

This paper proposes an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithm by Direct Load Control (DLC) programs to optimize the operational cost of smart grids considering various scenarios based on different constraints. The cost function includes active power production cost of available power sources and a novel flexible load curtailment cost associated with DLC programs. The load curtailment cost is based ...

We consider the problem of choosing the holding cost in inventory models. Traditionally, the cost of holding inventory is assumed to increase linearly with a rate that is equal to a percentage of the product value. This since the capital cost is believed to make up the main part of the cost. However, recent research indicates that this is not necessarily the case. In the present work, we presen...

this paper addresses a multi-criteria decision based methodology to develop a road network cost function for route finding analysis in a geographic information system (gis). over the years, several studies relating to route planning process in gis and intelligent transportation systems (its) have been conducted, most of which rely on the use of one-dimensional variables like distance or time as...

Most learning in planners to date has been focused on speedup learning. Recently the focus has been more on learning to improve plan quality. We introduce a different dimension: learning not just from failed plans, but learning from inefficient plans. We call this cost-based learning (CAL). CBL can be used to improve both plan quality and provide speedup learning. We show how cost-based learnin...