Professional football clubs are unusual businesses, their performance judged on and off the field of play. This study is concerned with measuring the efficiency of clubs in the English Premier League. Information from clubs’ financial statements is used as a measure of corporate performance. To measure changes in efficiency and productivity the Malmquist non-parametric technique has been used. ...

Journal clubs have an extensive history that dates back to the time of Sir William Osler. They provide a venue to discuss the latest medical literature among groups of peers and are an innovative method for translating knowledge into practice within individual institutions. With advances in social media, journal clubs are poised to take an evolutionary step by harnessing digital connectivity. O...

* E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This article demonstrates how large social clubs are operating at the locus of an ethnic community-making of Swedish migrants in Southern Spain. The clubs are selectively targeting the relatively wealthy (ethnic) Swedish individuals of older age, offering them a home-like social arena ‘in Swedish’ in which the mediation of information and services is ...

This paper looks at the convergence clubs literature from a Schumpeterian perspective, and it follows the idea that cross-country differences in the ability to innovate and to imitate foreign technologies determine the existence of clustering, polarization and convergence clubs. The study investigates the characteristics of different technology clubs and the growth trajectories that they have f...

Securitisation is a financing technique that rests upon a complex legal foundation. Its purpose is to allow companies to raise lowcost finance from the capital markets. This technique has been used successfully in a range of businesses over many years, but it was only adopted by football clubs in much more recent times. Between late 1999 and 2003 there were a number of football securitisations ...

PURPOSE The characteristics of U.S. military personnel who use dietary supplements have not been well described. This study aimed to determine whether deployment experience and physical activity were associated with the use of bodybuilding, energy, or weight-loss supplement among U.S. military personnel. METHODS Self-reported data from active-duty, Reserve, and National Guard participants of ...

Sports has various functions on students’ education, it contains profound connotations and huge potentials. Sports course core problem lies in school’s physical education; school education results directly affect contemporary youth physical quality and value orientation. For contemporary physical education course, it has bodybuilding, education, entertainment and other functions, but as sports ...