abu al-al?’ al-ma’arri has presented his specific thought and viewpoint in arabic classical literature. he lived at the time when arabic literature was at its zenith of richness and maturity. this literary and thinking figure has affected the literary men after him in differing ways. contemporary poets, relying on his literature, have promoted their own literary innovations, and thereby have en...

since the beginning of the presence of the holy qur’an, criticism and rhetoric have received attention in the areas of culture and thought, too. in this respect we can name some literary and rhetorical works like maj?z al-qur’?n by abu ubaydah ma’mar ibn muthann?, ket?b al-fas?hah by abu h?tam sajest?ni, e’j?z al-qur’?n by j?hez basri, naqd al-nathr wa naqd al-she’r by abu al-faraj qud?mah ibn ...

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this research is based on explaining the relationship between globalization and al-qaeda. author believes that al-qaeda as an anti-globalization terrorist movement does its activities against the u.s hegemony over the world especially muslim world. from the other perspective al-qaeda uses professionally the globalization tools like information technology. describing globalization and reactions ...

resistance literature is full of patriotism and liberalism. the resistance poet defends the aims of his hometown by his poetry weapon and applies his poem at his country’s political and social service. thus the resistance poetry contains a strong epic and national spirit. this kind of literature calls people for defending their grand ideals. tamim al-barghouti is a young palestinian famous poet...

in this article author examines the developments of al-qaeda after september 11 terrorist attacks. the core idea of the text is that al-qaeda has been changed from a hierarchical organization to a complex, flexible and dynamic with a global reach after 9/11 and subsequently u.s attacks on afghanistan in 2001. in other words al-qaeda that we knew as an organization before 9/11 has been changed t...

kashf al-mahjoub is the first persian independent mystical text, written by abu al-hasan ali bin osman al-jolabi al-hojwiri al-qaznavi which contains valuable information about different subjects of sufism. since one of the effective methods on which one can understand a sufi’s viewpoints and can figure out his ideology and even his anagogic and mystical psychology is to analyze his esoteric in...