the present study sought to investigate the impact of using mind-mapping technique instruction on female elementary efl learners reading comprehension; it also investigated their attitudes towards using mind-mapping technique as a tool to improve their reading comprehension. this study followed a quasi-experimental design with two intact groups as experimental, and control groups. the participa...

in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

within the components of communicative competence, a special emphasis is put on the “rules of politeness,” specifically the politeness strategies (brown and levinson, 1978) that speakers deploy when performing the request speech act. this is because the degree of imposition that making a request places upon one’s interlocutor(s) has been seen to be influenced by several factors among which, as ...

the research questions were as follows: 1. is there any relationship between the students concious awareness of the form and implications of the conjuncations and their improvement in using appropriate conjunctions? 2. does students knowledge of the from and the implications of the conjunctions help them to produce more coherent writings. 3. does a comparison between english conjunctions and th...

most specialists in the field of foreign language teachingconsiderreading skill as an interactive process between the reader’s prior knowledge and the text.accordingly, the activation of prior knowledge for an effective comprehension is very important. it is generally agreed that the pre-reading phase is the stage where this type of interaction and activation may be enhanced throughcertain stra...

Background: Organizational citizenship behavior is an essential tool for success of all organizations, since it is related variables of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The organizations providing healthcare needs to develop their human resource especially nurses in order to promote organizational citizenship behaviors. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the relationshi...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting university brand loyalty among graduate students in Shiraz. This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method of correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of 9300 graduated students from Shiraz University who were randomly selected using random cluster sampling method, 191 peo...

The study of work ethics has gained great significance in recent years following the failures of major corporations and the West’s crisis. The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between Islamic work ethics (IWE) and organizational commitment and its three dimensions including affective, continuance and normative commitments. This is a descriptive study that has been con...