Intranasal route, ensuring suitable bioavailability of medicines under circumvention of the gastrointestinal degradation and hepatic first-pass elimination, has been a popular choice for drug delivery. Among nasal dosage forms, mucoadhesive solid inserts have been shown to resist mucociliary clearance and provide a prolonged nasal residence time. Hence, the purpose of this study was the prepara...

Some design methods based on Petri nets modify the original specification by behaviour-preserving insertion of new transitions. If the unfolding prefix is used to analyse the net, it has to be re-unfolded after each modification, which is detrimental for the overall performance. The approach presented in this paper applies the transformations directly to the unfolding prefix, thus avoiding re-u...

To study mosquito ( Diptera : Culicidae) fauna in Guilan province (Caspian sea littoral , North of Iran ), an investigation was carried out during April to December 2000. The whole set of 2478 adult specimens from 64 habitats and 6656 larvae from 127 larval breeding places was collected . Three species of the genus Culiseta were identified as follow: 1- Cs. longiareolata 2- Cs. morsitans 3- Cs....

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm is one of the problems in antibiotic treatment of infections. Nanomedicines such as chitosan can carry multiple drugs and improve the therapeutic effects of antibiotics. Objectives: The study aimed to synthesis and characterization of ciprofloxacin loaded chitosan nanoparticle for eradication biofilm of P. aeroginosa. Methods: Cipro-CS microparticles...

background: osteonecrosis (on) is known to be one of the most disabling complications following corticosteroid (cs) medications. however, evidence regarding risk of asymptomatic prevalence of on among different diseases and the impact of variable steroid regimens are conflicting. we aimed to determine the prevalence of on of femoral head in asymptomatic patients with systemic rheumatic diseases...

In recent years, use of biodegradable polymers based nanoparticles has received highinterest in the development of vaccines delivery vehicles. The aim of study was to preparechitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) for loading Echis carinatus (EC) venom and evaluate theirpotential as an adjuvant and antigen delivery system on a pilot scale. CS NPs were preparedusing ionic gelation method, and their char...

the study was carried out to investigate the effects of camelia (camelina sativa l. crantz) variety (cs) oil or seeds on performance, meat quality, immunity and plasma metabolic profile in broiler chickens. the broilers (n= 2,080, cobb 500) were randomly allocated (sex ratio 1:1) for 32-day experimental periods (from 11d to 42 d) to 4 experimental groups: control (corn-soybean meal-full fat soy...

Alternate wettting and drying (AWD) systems save water compared with continuoussubmergence (CS) irrigation. However, the reported effect on yield varies widely and detailedcharacterizations of the hydrological conditions of AWD experiments are often lacking so thatgeneralizations are difficult to make. We compared the effects of AWD and CS on crop andwater productivity in rice in the field expe...

Background: Corn silk (CS) is widely used in Iranian traditional medicine and Feijoa sellowiana(FS) is a native plant widespread in the Southern parts of Iran. The aim of the present study was to assess renal protective activities of CS and FS against dosage induced injury by ecstasy (MDMA) using insitu rat renal perfusion (IRRP) system.Methods: Hydro-alcoholic extract of CS and FS (10, 20, 40 ...