Scientific knowledge and technical expertise promote the wealth of nations. The traditional view is that science allows the expansion of technology, which, in turn, promotes economic development. This chapter shows that: 1) the scientific productivity of a country correlates more strongly with gross national income per capita than its technological sophistication; 2) science is important for ec...

this study presents the natural dye recovery from various biodegradable temple and household wastes. the raw material for colour extraction consisted residual flowers and garlands from various temples as well as onion and vegetables peels from vegetable markets, university hostels, and households, which were washed, dried, crushed, and sieved. the extracted natural colours were produced by mean...

One of the main problems of requirements elicitation is expressing customer requirements in a form that can be understood not only by requirements engineers but also by noncomputer professional customers and users. The usual choice for expressing elicited requirements is natural language, since it is frequently the only common language to all participants. Problems of natural language are well–...

In this paper a short (16 hours) newly designed course on practical software engineering is described. This course has been designed according to specific objectives (i.e. orientation to the practice, generality and adequacy to the current software engineering community trends) and focused on the requirements elicitation, documentation, and analysis topics. In the course an innovative tool for ...

Today, modeling is critical for cognition and analysis of designers in industry field to meet their needs and design based on design requirements and available facilities to accelerate production and development of components of industrial engines. In this study, one structure has been proposed, designed, and analyzed based on turboshaft marine engine type to test this kind of engine in order t...

The approaches for extraction and representation of knowledge from textual user requirements could be summarized in two groups: i) when we have in mind an end model and seek, mine and represent knowledge for it. In short, this approach can be defined as “knowledge driven from a target model”; ii) when we have in mind knowledge in a text, and seek an appropriate model to represent it. The interm...

OBJECTIVE This article outlines a number of important areas in which public health can contribute to making overall disaster management more effective. This article discusses health effects of some of the more important sudden impact natural disasters and potential future threats (e.g., intentional or deliberately released biologic agents) and outlines the requirements for effective emergency m...

Introduction: The causal dynamics between environment, health expenditures and economic growth has recently started to be studied in the economics literature for both developing and developed countries. Methods: This study examines the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, health expenditures and economic growth using dynamic simultaneous-equations models for Iran over the period 1972-2...