in this thesis, a better reaction conditions for the synthesis of spirobarbiturates catalyzed by task-specific ionic liquid (2-hydroxy-n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-n,n-dimethylethanaminium formate), calcium hypochlorite ca(ocl)2 or n-bromosuccinimide (nbs) in the presence of water at room temperature by ultrasonic technique is provided. the design and synthesis of spirocycles is a challenging task becaus...

Turfgrass is important in urban landscape and by considering that organic matter has a important roll in improving physical and chemical soil characteristics using an organic matter instead of manure and MSW seems necessary .in this research the possibility of using new method of culture such as hydromulching (i.e. mixing seed, organic matter, water, and fertilizer and then distributing it) spe...

Turfgrass is important in urban landscape and by considering that organic matter has a important roll in improving physical and chemical soil characteristics using an organic matter instead of manure and MSW seems necessary .in this research the possibility of using new method of culture such as hydromulching (i.e. mixing seed, organic matter, water, and fertilizer and then distributing it) spe...

a major concern in the last few years has been the fact that the cultural centers are keeping distance with what they have been established for and instead of reproducing the hegemony, they have turned into a place for resistance and reproduction of resistance against hegemony. because the cultural centers, as urban public spaces in the last two decades, have been the subject of ideological dis...

the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of instruction through debate on male and female efl learners’ reading comprehension, to examine the differences between the performance of male and female participants on the five dimensions of cctst including analysis, evaluation, inference, deductive reasoning, and inductive reasoning, and to examine the differences between male ...