PURPOSE We have previously demonstrated the protective effect of bone marrow stem cell (BMSC)-conditioned medium in retinal ischemic injury. We hypothesized here that hypoxic preconditioning of stem cells significantly enhances the neuroprotective effect of the conditioned medium and thereby augments the protective effect in ischemic retina. METHODS Rats were subjected to retinal ischemia by ...

BACKGROUND Hypoxic vasodilation is a physiological response to low oxygen tension that increases blood supply to match metabolic demands. Although this response has been characterized for >100 years, the underlying hypoxic sensing and effector signaling mechanisms remain uncertain. We have shown that deoxygenated myoglobin in the heart can reduce nitrite to nitric oxide (NO·) and thereby contri...

As the molecular mechanisms behind tumor hypoxia have now been delineated, the important conclusion of the radiation oncologist Dr. Okuyama that “hypoxic milieu as the primary cancer environment” needs to be reexamined for its impact on current cancer diagnosis and treatment. It is apparent that, although hypoxic tumor cells cannot live without oxygen and nutrients, aggressive tumor cells isola...

Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) have emerged as one of the most promising stem cell types for cardiac protection and repair. Exosomes are required for the regenerative effects of human CDCs and mimic the cardioprotective benefits of CDCs such as anti-apoptotic effect in animal myocardial infarction (MI) models. Here we aimed to investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of the hypoxic and normoxic...

Introduction: Stroke causes high rate of mortality in different societies. The medicinal uses of saffron (Crocus sativus) have a long history. Some metabolites derived from saffron stigmas exert numerous therapeutic effects due to hypolipidemic, antitussive, antioxidant, antidiabetic activities and many others. Materials and Methods:  Experiment performed with 120 ...

Correspondence: Z Sheng Guo University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.46, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Tel +1 412 623 7711 Fax +1 412 623 7709 Email [email protected] Abstract: The hypoxic tumor microenvironment plays significant roles in tumor cell metabolism and survival, tumor growth, and progression. Hypoxia modulates target genes in target cells mainly through an oxy...

Sato, Koichi, David M. Rodman, and Ivan F. McMurtry. Hypoxia inhibits increased ETB receptor-mediated NO synthesis in hypertensive rat lungs. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 20): L511–L581, 1999.—Although hypertensive lungs of chronically hypoxic rats express increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) synthases (NOSs) and produce increased amounts of NO-containing compounds (NOx) durin...

Hypoxia is a microenvironmental factor that contributes to the invasion, progression and metastasis of tumor cells. Hypoxic tumor cells often show more resistance to conventional chemoradiotherapy than normoxic tumor cells, suggesting the requirement of novel antitumor therapies to efficiently eliminate the hypoxic tumor cells. We previously generated a tumor-specific replication-competent onco...

AIM To determine whether asthmatic children who present to hospital with hypoxia perceive breathlessness less well than non-hypoxic presenters. METHODS A total of 27 children aged 5-16 years (mean age 10) admitted with acute asthma had recordings of oxygen saturation (SaO(2)), clinical score, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), and breathlessness score (HMP) at admission and at 5...

Mitomycin C and its methylated analogue porfiromycin (Por) have significant potential as adjuncts to regimens presently used for treating solid tumors because of their preferential toxicity to cells existing in an hypoxic environment. An understanding of the factors producing the differential activity of these drugs under aerobic and hypoxic conditions would facilitate the development of new ag...