The investigation of mathematical cognition in developmental psychology has been primarily confined to the study of numerical cognition— basic facts involving quantity, such as the acquisition of number words and some competences for numerical estimation and calculation. But mathematics is much more than simple counting numbers and basic arithmetic. Mathematics, seen by many as the queen of sci...

The Philosophical Implications (if any) of the Löwenheim-Skolem Theorem by Peter Hollo This paper examines the implications of the Löwenheim-Skolem Theorem for philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of language, and more broadly philosophy of science. Background theory and some justification for the issues in the thesis are given first, followed by a largely constructive proof of the Theorem. Th...

BACKGROUND Promoting and supporting smoking reduction in smokers with no immediate intention of stopping smoking is controversial given existing fears that this will deter cessation and that reduction itself may not improve health outcomes. DISCUSSION Evidence shows that smokers who reduce the number of daily cigarettes smoked are more likely to attempt and actually achieve smoking cessation....