This research paper on iteration free fractal image compression for color images using the techniques Vector Quantization, Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing is proposed, for lossy compression, to improve the decoded image quality, compression ratio and reduction in coding time. Fractal coding consists of the representation of image blocks through the contractive transformation coefficie...

The floating-point multiplication is one of the most basic and frequent digital signal processing operations, and its accuracy and throughput greatly decide the overall accuracy and throughput of the digital signal processors. Based on vectorizing a conventional double precision multiplier, we propose a multiple precision floating-point multiplier. It supports either one double precision multip...

A practical method is presented that permits retrieval from a table in constant time. The method is suitable for large tables and consumes, in practice, O(n) space for n table elements. In addition, the table and the hashing function can be constructed in O(n) expected time. Variations of the method that offer different compromises between storage usage and update time are presented.

In recent years, Lake Constance has experienced an invasion and domination of three-spined stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) in the pelagic zone, which coincided with a decline native whitefish Coregonus wartmanni population. Similar massive invasions sticklebacks into zones have been recognized also marine areas or small lakes worldwide. However, their diet overlaps species is rarely eval...

Two phase frequency detectors (PFDs) are proposed in this paper that can overcome the speed and area limitations of conventional PFD. The AND gate based PFD uses 22 transistors. It consumes 161.41uW power when operating at 50MHz clock frequency with 1.8V supply voltage. The NOR gate based PFD uses 20 transistors and preserves the main characteristics of conventional PFD. It consumes 96.67uW pow...