Simulation of gamma and hadron showers in the energy range 100GeV- 25TeV has been carried out. For a big ideal Cherenkov light array, characteristics of lateral distribution of Cherenkov photon density have been studied. Results from this ideal detector are compared with those simulated for a real TUNKA- like array to investigate experimental potential of using existence of a hump in lateral di...

There is an increasing need for identifying the number of photons that is contained within a weak light pulse or time interval of a weak cw light field. A device capable of photon-number resolution would contribute both to fundamental research in the area of quantum optics and to more-or-less practical quantum communication systems, such as quantum key distribution schemes [1]. In the former ca...

We prove a new theorem about the relationship between optical field Wigner function’s Radon transform and optical Fresnel transform of the field, i.e., when an input field ψ (x′) propagates through an optical [D (−B) (−C)A] system, the energy density of the output field is equal to the Radon transform of the Wigner function of the input field, where the Radon transform parameters are D,B. We pr...

Abstract . The photocounting statistics of shot-noise light have been studied extensively. Light exhibiting such statistical properties arises in photongeneration processes that involve a two-stage cascade of Poisson-based events, such as cathodoluminescence . Expressions for the photocounting distributions are complex because they depend on the overall mean of the distribution, the photodetect...

We present a novel slanted faces of thin-disk composite Yb:YAG YAG laser which is side-pumped by four non-symmetric hollow- ducts. The pump light distribution in the disk is modeled by using Monte-Carlo ray tracing method. The temperature distribution inside the crystal is calculated by taking into account either the concentration of Yb+3 ion or the different transmission of laser output coupl...

Background: Developing effective methods for the synthesis of bio-compatible and non-toxic nanoparticles is the main goal of nanotechnology. In the most chemical methods, a chemical reducing agent is used to reduce metal ions. But, in chemical methods, the stability of nanoparticles is controversial and synthesis in large sizes is much more difficult. Moreover, there is an incr...

In order to study the space distribution characteristics of light scattering from random rough surfaces, the linear filtering method is used to generate a series of Gaussian randomly rough surfaces, and the Kirchhoff Approximation is used to calculate the scattered light intensity distribution from random metal and dielectric rough surfaces. The three characteristics of the scattered light inte...

In this paper, a novel tactile photoelastic transducer for normal forces is presented. When a normal input force profile is applied to the transduction medium, stress is generated in the photoelastic layer making it birefringent. Consequently, circularly-polarized input light becomes elliptically polarized at the output due to the introduction of a phase-lead distribution. If a circular-reflect...