We have succeeded in developing viologen-based liquid-crystalline materials forming bicontinuous cubic phases. They are composed of amphiphilic zwitterions with a viologen ionic-head-group and sulfonyl-imide-type acids. In the bicontinuous cubic liquid-crystalline assemblies, the ionic-head groups of the amphiphiles align along a gyroid minimal surface, forming a 3D continuous viologen layer. T...

Undifferentiated, highly chlorophyllous cell cultures; undifferentiated white cell cultures; green, shoot-forming cultures; and white, shoot-forming cultures of Digitalis parpurea L. were established and subcultured every 3 weeks in liquid media in the light or in the dark. The digitoxin content, the chlorophyll content, and the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity of these cultures were ...

The use of the Maxwell construction, in conjunction with the van der Waals equation of state, to represent the liquefaction of gases is familiar to all students of thermodynamics. The present paper is concerned with the application of the Maxwell construction to Fermi fluids, and in particular with the question as to whether or not they can undergo a liquid-gas phase transition at T= 0. We shal...

APPLIED MATHEMATICS Correction for ‘‘On the behavior of a capillary surface in a wedge,’’ by Paul Concus and Robert Finn, which appeared in issue 2, June 1, 1969, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (63:292–299). Owing to a printer’s error, the initial sentence of the abstract appeared as ‘‘Estimates above and below are obtained for the height of the equilibrium-free surface of a liquid’’ rather than the...

High-temperature high-vacuum electrostatic levitation ~HTHVESL! and differential scanning calorimetry ~DSC! were combined to determine the hemispherical total emissivity eT , and the specific heat capacity cp , of the undercooled liquid and throughout the glass transition of the Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 bulk metallic glass forming alloy. The ratio of cp /eT as a function of undercooling w...

The thermodynamics and kinetics of the bulk metallic glass forming Mg65Cu25Y10 liquid were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and three-point beam bending. The experiments lead to the determination of the thermodynamic functions as well as the viscosity of the supercooled liquid. The viscosity shows a temperature dependence, which is consistent with that of a strong glass simi...

The electrically tunable properties of liquid-crystal fishnet metamaterials are theoretically investigated in the terahertz spectrum. A nematic liquid crystal layer is introduced between two fishnet metallic structures, forming a voltage-controlled metamaterial cavity. Tuning of the nematic molecular orientation is shown to shift the magnetic resonance frequency of the metamaterial and its over...

Be diffusivity data in the bulk metallic glass forming alloys Zr4i.2Ti13.sCu125Ni10Be22.s and Zr46.7Tis.3Cu75Ni10Bez7.s are reported for temperatures between 530K and 710K, extending up to SOK into the supercooled liquid states of the alloys. At the glass transition temperature, T g' a change in temperature dependence of the data is observed in both alloys, and above T g the diffusivity increas...

Glass is a freezing phase of a deeply supercooled liquid. Despite its simple definition, the origin of glass forming ability (GFA) is still ambiguous, even for binary Cu-Zr alloys. Here, we directly study the stability of the supercooled Cu-Zr liquids where we find that Cu64Zr36 at a supercooled temperature shows deeper undercoolability and longer persistence than other neighbouring composition...