Volatility is a measure of uncertainty that plays a central role in financial theory, risk management, and pricing authority. Turbulence is the conditional variance of changes in asset prices that is not directly observable and is considered a hidden variable that is indirectly calculated using some approximations. To do this, two general approaches are presented in the literature of financial ...

Since the main source of finance for the Iranian manufacturing firms is the bank loan, the bank-firm relationship plays an important role in their performance. In effect, firms with decent financial potency regularly have a better chance to access high-quality and less costly finances. In this paper, we investigate the bank-firm relationship and its determinant factors by using a unique databas...

Purpose: In this Research, we aim to evaluate the effect of cultural activities of public librarians on promoting the circulation rate of Goharshad middle school library. Methodology: This research implemented by quasi-experimental method using One–group pre-test and post-test design. Two questionnaires are used as tool measuring book loan rate of students before and after cultural activities....

In this article the relationship between market return and volatility is examined by applying out- of- sample methodology and ARCH (M) class models in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and international stock exchanges. The results are inconsistent with portfolio theory implications in NASDAQ, ISE and TSE. However I found only negative relationship between unexpected volatility and monthly return...

This paper examines the role of different exchange rate regimes on relationship between  exchange rate volatility and economic growth. To investigate this relationship, information of 53 countries with floating and fixed exchange rate regimes in the period of 1987-2016 are considered. GARCH technique is used to estimate exchange rate volatility and Difference GMM technique for estimating the mo...

Price shocks lead to oil price volatility in world oil markets. In response to this volatility, economic growth may take different regime and behavior patterns in different situation. Investigating this multi behavior patterns can be useful for policymakers to reduce the effect of oil price volatility. In this study, an EGARCH model has developed using the seasonal data of OPEC oil basket nomin...