Many benefits of implementation of GDSN have been identified, including reduced counterfeiting, reduced medication errors, increased supply chain efficiency and standardized regulatory evolution. Several steps are involved in developing a GDSN and EPCglobal network. Each manufacturer, distributor, and retailer must have a strong ERP information system for the initial EPCIS set up. Next, a 2D ba...

supply chain network design decisions are among the strategic decisions of supply chain management which play significant role on the efficient performance of the supply chain. however, there are two challenging factors which may have great impact on the supply chain performance. these factors are on the one hand disruptions and their attendant damages and on the other hand uncertain nature of ...

This paper examines the extended two-echelon newsboy problem for a manufacturer and retailer in a supply chain with asymmetric market information. In this scenario, the retailer has better knowledge of the market s demand, and the manufacturer perceives the same demand. This applied model presents how the manufacturer can take advantage of the retailer s market information and improve the effic...

It is common for a retailer to sell products from competing manufacturers. How then should the …rms manage their contract negotiations? The supply chain coordination literature focuses either on a single manufacturer selling to a single retailer or one manufacturer selling to many (possibly competing) retailers. We …nd that some key conclusions from those market structures do not apply in our s...

An integrated equilibrium model for tactical decisions in network design is developed. We consider a decentralized supply chain network operating in markets under uncertain demands when there is a rival decentralized chain. The primary assumption is that two chains provide partial substitutable products to the markets, and markets’ demands are affected by tactical decisions such as price, servi...

Environmental consciousness has become increasingly important in everyday life and business practice. The effort to reduce the impact of business activities on the environment has been labelled as green supply chain management. Any major greening project would require efforts on the part of the entire supply chain. However, very few studies have addressed the issue of coordinating the green sup...

W study sourcing in a supply chain with three levels: a manufacturer, tier 1 suppliers, and tier 2 suppliers prone to disruption from, e.g., natural disasters such as earthquakes or floods. The manufacturer may not directly dictate which tier 2 suppliers are used but may influence the sourcing decisions of tier 1 suppliers via contract parameters. The manufacturer’s optimal strategy depends cri...

In this study, we investigate the impact of quality regulation on the quality of investment and the pricing decisions of a global supply chain, where products are produced by a manufacturer in one country, but sold by a retailer in another country to its market. In particular, the quality of the products is regulated by policy makers of the importer country. We consider two cases of supply chai...

With progressing technologies and new features of production, new products compete with older ones in markets. Indeed, new products initiate contest with olden ones and this process repeats in different productions lifetime several times. In this situation recycling the olden products seems to be significant for supply chains. Governments often levy special tariffs for these products as a contr...