BACKGROUND Aortic stiffness is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and cognitive decline. This mini-review focuses on relations of aortic stiffness with microvascular dysfunction and discusses the contribution of abnormal pulsatile hemodynamics to cerebrovascular damage and cognitive decline. We also provide a rationale for considering aortic stiffness as a putative and im...

• DECLARATIVE VS NONDECLARATIVE MEMORY • SOMATIC RESPONSES TO STRESS • THE MEANING OF SPEED o VEHICULAR TRANSPORT AND SOCIETY o THE AUTOMOBILE AS A THREAT • THE PHYSIOLOGY OF TRAUMATIZATION • KINDLING AND TRAUMA • COGNITIVE DEFICITS IN TRAUMA • TRAUMA AND THE POST CONCUSSION SYNDROME • BINOCULAR DYSFUNCTION • VESTIBULAR AND AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION • NEUROMUSCULAR DYSFUNCTION AND MYOFASCIAL PAIN •...

We have developed a method for temporal and regional gene expression targeting (TARGET) in Drosophila and show the simultaneous spatial and temporal rescue of a memory defect. The transient expression of the rutabaga-encoded adenylyl cyclase in the mushroom bodies of the adult brain was necessary and sufficient to rescue the rutabaga memory deficit, which rules out a developmental brain defect ...

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, leading to impairments in learning and memory. L-carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide, is reported to exhibit anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate its effect on learning and memory in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In the present study, male Wis...

Material-specific memory dysfunction was assessed using a nonverbal, visuospatial, supraspan learning test, the Biber Figure Learning Test-Extended (BFLT-E), in 71 left-hemisphere language-dominant epilepsy patients prior to anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) and in 48 age-matched healthy subjects. Two matched forms of the BFLT-E yielded comparable scores, indicating that this task may be used t...

alzheimer's disease (ad), a common and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder, affect more than 65 million individuals throughout the world. this disability plays a crucial role in daily activities such as driving. several studies have investigated the relationship between cognitive functions and driving safety. the current study revises the literature on the relation between road safety ...

OBJECTIVE To study whether severity of traumatic brain injury and the intelligence quotient are related to executive dysfunction. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-two adults with brain injury who were referred for a work capacity evaluation. METHODS Retrospective review of severity of traumatic brain injury, intelligence quotient from a previously-conducted neuropsychological evaluation, determination of...

Objective(s):Global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury causes loss of pyramidal cells in CA1 region of hippocampus. In this study, we investigated the possible neuroprotective effects of the ethanol extract of Cyperus rotundus (EECR) on a model of global transient ischemia in rat, by evaluating the pathophysiology of the hippocampal tissue and spatial memory. Materials and Methods: Treatment ...

Neuroleptics are widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders. Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a late complication of prolonged neuroleptic treatment. Despite much research, the pathogenesis of TD remains elusive. It may be caused by loss of dopaminergic cells, due to free radicals as a product of high synaptic dopamine levels. Tardive dyskinesia has b...