this study investigates the effectiveness of the kriging interpolation model and the emission weighted proximity model (ewpm) in assessing relative exposure risk of air pollution using results from the american meteorological society/epa regulatory model (aermod) as benchmarks. we used simulated exposure risk to so2 in the dallas area in texas in this evaluation. results suggest that the relati...

1. Iglehart JK. Health insurers and medical-imaging policy—a work in progress. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(10):1030-1037. 2. Redberg RF. Cancer risks and radiation exposure from computed tomographic scans: how can we be sure that the benefits outweigh the risks? Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(22):2049-2050. 3. Stern RG. Diagnostic imaging: powerful, indispensable, and out of control. Am J Med. 2012;125(2...

Carney, S. A., Lawrence, J. C., and Ricketts, C. R. (1970). Brit. J. industr. Med., 27, 72-76. Effect of microwaves at X-band on guinea-pig skin in tissue culture. 3. Effect of pulsed microwaves on skin respiration and biochemistry. Small pieces of guinea-pig skin were exposed to known power densities of pulsed microwaves at X-band (9-6 GHz). The pulse duration was 0 25 microsecond and the puls...

The mathematical study of genealogies has yielded important insights in population biology, such as the ability to estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of a sample of genetic sequences or of a group of individuals. Here we introduce a model of cultural genealogies that is a step toward answering similar questions for cultural traits. In our model individuals can inherit f...

An important clue to the evolutionary history of an allele is the structure of the neighboring region of the genome, which we term the genomic background of the allele. Consider two copies of the allele. How similar we expect their genomic background to be is strongly influenced by the age of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA). We apply diffusion theory, first used by Motoo Kimura as a to...

The mutation process is introduced into the colored coalescent theory. The mutation process can be viewed as an independent Poisson process running on the colored genealogical random tree generated by the colored coalescent process, with the edge lengths of the random tree serving as the time scale for the mutation process. Moving backward along the colored genealogical tree, the color of verti...

The genealogies of samples of orthologous regions from multiple species can be classified by their shapes. Using a neutral coalescent model of two species, I give exact probabilities of each of four possible genealogical shapes: reciprocal monophyly, two types of paraphyly, and polyphyly. After the divergence that forms two species, each of which has population size N, polyphyly is the most lik...

The baryon phase-space density at mid-rapidity from central heavy-ion collisions is estimated from proton spectra with interferometry and deuteron coalescence measurements. It is found that the mid-rapidity phase-space density of baryons is significantly lower at the SPS than the AGS, while those of total particles (pion + baryon) are comparable. Thermal and chemical equilibrium model calculati...