Today, in most theories related to development, democratic regimes are introduced as one of the tools and indices of development. In fact, theoretically and practically, democratic regimes provide the most important and the most appropriate ground for the development, while other regimes can never play such a role. Having a look at ruling political regimes in the Middle East, it appears that, e...

In recent years, some intellectuals have stated that democracy is not suitable for developing countries as it decreases their economic growth. They hold that dictatorship states can better plan for the benefit of their nations because they are free from the pressure of voters. This article explains two reasons to reject the mentioned claim. First, the definition of development has undergone cha...

the application of a comprehensive model of communicative language ability (cla) to language teaching and testing has always been an imperative in l2 education since hymess proposal of communicative competence in the 1970s. recent l2 research has clearly underscored the importance of sufficient pragmatics representation as an essential component of cla in pedagogical and testing practices in l2...

This artcle initially explores grounds for transition toward democracy at the global level and offers statistics and info on democracy as a worldwide phenomenon.Iran's political system, as well as the developments it has gone through after the 1979 Revolution, will then be succinctly disussed. The article centers on eonditions precluding Iran's transition to democrac based on recent thoretical ...

abstract this study is an attempt to determine the effect of nano- technology education on science lesson for fifth grade in primary school in the city of kermanshah. this research is experimental and is conducted in the from of pre-test and post- test for the control group. an achievement test was administered to determine the rate of learning in the students. the research is an applied one. ...

Planning is one of the basic tools to achieve optimal living conditions. In the meantime, negotiation is one of the most important approaches in the new planning systems, which has a special place in the current era of urban planning and governance. Negotiation planning or in other words discourse is one of the new methods in urban studies that is widely used, especially in advanced democratic ...