Black-headed gulls, Larus ridibundus, produce clutches of three eggs, which contain high levels of maternal androgens in the yolk. These levels increase with laying order and the eggs hatch asynchronously. Experiments have supported the hypothesis that this within-clutch variation in maternal androgens mitigates the disadvantage of last-hatched chicks in sibling competition, by enhancing embryo...

In some plants, pollen grains accumulate storage lipids that serve as energy supply during germination. Here, three enzymes involved in early steps of oil body mobilization in the male gametophyte were functionally characterized for the first time. The effect of extracellular sugars on pollen performance and oil body dynamics was also analysed. Olive pollen oil bodies showed phospholipase A, li...

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the effect of plant growth regulators viz., kinetin, chlorocholine chloride (CCC) and salicylic acid (SA) on achene yield and oil quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cv. Thori pertaining to biodiesel production. The growth regulators were applied at 10M as foliar spray during flowering (140 days after sowing). Kinetin was highly e...

The study was conducted to investigate whether dietary fish oil could influence growth of piglets via regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. A split-plot experimental design was used with sow diet effect in the main plots and differing piglet diet effect in the subplot. The results showed that suckling piglets from fish oil fed dams grew rapidly (P < 0.05) than control. It was ...

After 1950`s, gradually the variable of human capital was included in the economic growth analysis .Foreign trade has also provided economic growth. Among other variables, which can be effective on the economic growth, are the country's economic and political structure and history of the oil or socialist system. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of human capital, foreign trade, ha...

this paper extends endogenous growth models through augmenting it with government budget and oil revenues as well as the effect of public investment efficiency on long run growth of private and government consumption and import for an oil producing economy. based on the extracted model, the optimal growth rate of government current expenditure (or consumption) has a positive relation with the e...