Alectonidae Rosell (Demospongiae, Hadromerida), including Thoosidae Rosell & Uriz (part) and [Scolopidae] Sollas (a nomen oblitum), contains species with limestone-excavating capability and habitus similar to many Clionaidae, including some massive (gamma) forms, but lacking tylostyles. Instead, megascleres may be missing or include oxeas, styles, and strongyles, some with fanciful ornamentatio...

In this paper we develop and apply a new empirical approach to estimating a widely used class of models of demand for differentiated products. Our approach is applicable to the often encountered situation where the researcher has data on a sample of markets (i.e., the “many markets” setting). Our focus on the “many markets” setting stands in contrast to the “many products” setting that was famo...

Carp is one of the most widely cultivated warm water fish, which has been introduced into many countries. It is essential for the manager of a carp farm to know the production costs and their evolution, showing the main inputs on which the cost reduction is worth effort. In Iran, carp farming is mainly based on common carp, silver carp, grass carp, and bighead carp, which were often reared in p...

Carp is one of the most widely cultivated warm water fish, which has been introduced into many countries. It is essential for the manager of a carp farm to know the production costs and their evolution, showing the main inputs on which the cost reduction is worth effort. In Iran, carp farming is mainly based on common carp, silver carp, grass carp, and bighead carp, which were often reared in p...

Ascertaining correctness of digital hardware designs through simulation does not scale-up for large designs because of the sheer combinatorics of the problem. Formal verification of hardware designs holds promise because its computational complexity is of the order of number of different types of components (and not number of components in the design). This approach requires the specification o...