We consider a method for extending instrumental variables methods in order to estimate the overall effect of a treatment or exposure. The approach is designed for settings in which the instrument influences both the treatment of interest and a secondary treatment also influenced by the primary treatment. We demonstrate that, while instrumental variables methods may be used to estimate the joint...

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems have been receiving a great attention as one of the solutions for achieving high speed, efficient, and high quality of service wireless communications. However, the main drawback of MIMO OFDM systems is high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) because of its sensitivity to the nonlinear distortions in...

Dravet syndrome, or as it was called in the past 'severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy', is a drug-resistant epilepsy first described by Charlotte Dravet in 1978. Besides the well-known and well-described therapy resistance, Dravet syndrome dramatically impacts the development and behaviour of the affected children. As it is still not a curable disease, families need to be taught how to cope wi...

BACKGROUND Cord blood (CB) is a product rich in primitive adult stem cells used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. After collection, the CB is transported to a facility where the unit is processed and then frozen up to 48 hours later. These processes can lead to compromised white blood cell (WBC) viability. This study investigates the factors that affect WBC viability before freezing o...

Previous research has identified important determinants of overall evaluations for experiences lived across time. By means of a novel guessing task, I study what decision-makers themselves consider important. As Informants, some participants live and evaluate an experience. As Guessers, others have to infer its overall evaluation by asking Informants questions. I rewarded accurate inferences, a...

An epidemiological study was carried out in the current Nottingham health district to determine changes in both neonatal unit workload and in the infants requiring neonatal care during two study periods. All admissions for 1977 and again for the 12 months 1 April 1983 to 31 March 1984 were reviewed. Total numbers of admissions have shown roughly a 50% reduction because of a more rigorous admiss...

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INTRODUCTION Definitions of underprivileged status based on race, gender and geographic location are neither sensitive nor specific; instead we proposed and validated a composite index of social adaptability (SAI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Index of social adaptability was calculated based on employment, education, income, marital status, and substance abuse, each factor contributing from 0 to 3 p...