One of the main concerns of investors is the evaluation of the return on investment, which is conducted using various models such as the CAPM (single-factor model), Fama-French three/five-factor models, and Roy and Shijin’s six-factor model and other models known as multi-factor models. Despite the widespread use of these models, their major drawbacks include sensitivity to unexpected changes, ...

This paper investigates behavior in the Traveler’s Dilemma game and isolates deviations from textbook predictions caused by differences in welfare perceptions and strategic miscalculations. It presents the results of an experimental analysis based on a 2x2 design where the own and the other subject’s bonus-penalty parameters are changed independently. We find that the change in own bonus-penalt...

In this paper, we consider high ordermulti-domain penalty spectral Galerkin methods for the approximation of hyperbolic conservation laws. This formulation has a penalty parameter which can vary in space and time, allowing for flexibility in the penalty formulation. This flexibility is particularly advantageous for problems with an inhomogeneous mesh. We show that the discontinuous Galerkin met...

The basic conjugate gradient method for unconstrained optimal control problems was proposed by Lasdon et al. in [1]. The penalty function approach to the solution of inequality constrained optimal control problems has been considered in [2] and the clipping-off technique that solves optimal control problems with magnitude constraint on the control inputs is described in [3, 4]. The proposed alg...

It is established that an interior penalty method applied to secondorder elliptic problems gives rise to a local operator which is spectrally equivalent to the corresponding nonlocal operator arising from the mixed finite element method. This relation can be utilized in order to construct preconditioners for the discrete mixed system. As an example, a family of additive Schwarz preconditioners ...

Background. Previous studies have shown that an external versus the internal focus of attention is an effective and efficient method to improve athleteschr('39') performance under anxious conditions. Objectives. The current study aimed to assess the effect of the practice with a distinct focus of attention on the penalty kicking performance of adolescent soccer players with different expertise...

Wu X, Li S. On the discounted penalty function in a discrete time renewal risk model with general interclaim times. Scandinavian Actuarial Journal. In this paper a discrete time renewal risk model with arbitrary interclaim times is discussed. We show that the expected discounted penalty function satisfies a recursive formula. In particular, the probability generating function of the time of rui...

the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We consider a new system of generalized variational inequalities SGVI. Using the penalty methods, we prove the existence of solution of SGVI in Hilbert spaces. Our results extend and improve some known results.

The Gerber-Shiu discounted penalty function is considered for a class of delayed renewal risk processes. Special cases of the model include the stationary renewal risk model and the situation where the time until the first claim is exponentially distributed. A mathematically tractable formula is derived for the Gerber-Shiu function, and consequently for quantities associated with the deficit at...