William King’s De Origine Mali has recently started to attract some attention in early modern scholarship. In a recent paper devoted theory of free will, Kenneth Pearce identifies “lacuna” his text, namely the fact that King “never explicitly describes process whereby election leads action” (Pearce, “William on Free Will”, 4). this paper, I analyse ‘election’ (roughly, choice) and Pearce’s inte...

the American electoral system. Several private commissions—one headed by former presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter—have already reached their conclusions and proposed changes to the way we run our elections. Since the founding of this country, state and local governments have had primary responsibility for running congressional elections. Congress has the authority to override state and lo...

Cognitive Science is likely to make little progress in the study of humon behovior until we hove o clear account of what o humon action is. The aim of this paper is to present a sketch of a theory of action. I will locate the relation of intention to action within a general theory of Intentionality. I will introduce o distinction between prior intentions and intentions in actions; the concept o...

political participation is an important factor for political survival of the society and government. this concept is a symbol showing people’s presence at actions of government, and it is a substantial index for people’s satisfaction in democratic countries. election can be the most important symbol of political participation. this is why people’s presence in election is carefully investigated ...

We analyze in detail a leader election protocol that we call the Swedish leader election protocol. The goal is to select one among n > 0 players, by proceeding through a number of rounds. If there is only one player remaining, the protocol stops and the player is declared the leader. Otherwise, all remaining players flip a biased coin; with probability q the player survives to the next round, w...