The benefit of wearing a rear seatbelt in reducing the risk of motor vehicle crash-related fatalities and injuries has been well documented in previous studies. Wearing a seatbelt not only reduces the risk of injury to rear-seat passengers, but also reduces the risk of injury to front-seat occupant who could be crushed by unbelted rear-seat passengers in a motor vehicle crash. Despite the benef...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to explore relationship between older drivers and their passengers (co-pilots) and potential implications of in-vehicle navigation technology on their driving safety. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 44 healthy, community-dwelling older adults (aged 60-83) or 22 married couples. Males identified themselves as drivers and females...

BACKGROUND This study estimated the modal shift associated with the implementation of a public bicycle share program in Montreal, Canada. METHODS A population-based sample of adults participated in two cross sectional telephone surveys. Self-reported travel behaviors were collected at the end of the first (fall 2009) and second (fall 2010) season of implementation. The sample included 2502 (M...

Following the occurrence of unexpected events and natural disasters, a highly important relief operation is the transferring of relief commodities from the distribution centers (CDs) to shelters. In this paper, a three-level network consisting of depot of vehicles, distribution centers and shelters has been considered for routing and scheduling of relief vehicles through introducing a multi-obj...

The aim of this paper is to present a novel sliding mode control scheme for the supercavitating vehicle trajectory tracking problem that subjects external disturbances and actuator saturation with two symmetric elevators cavitator as actuators by analytical methods computer simulations. Firstly, nonlinear highly coupled dynamic kinematic models are presented in comprehensive way taking cavity m...

BACKGROUND Methods of suicide and suicide rates in England and Wales have fluctuated considerably since the 1960s. AIMS To review the changes that have occurred in suicide rates in England and Wales between 1960 and 1997. METHOD Suicide rates, derived from total annual suicides and the estimated annual resident population, were obtained from the Office for National Statistics. RESULTS Sui...