‌Frequent application of the term “proxy war” indicates its prominent place in academic researches on international relations. Separate implementation of soft power and hard power proved to be unsuccessful in recent years. Accordingly, great failures in classic wars increased tendencies towards proxy wars. By the outbreak of Arab Springs in the early 2011, Syria was devastated by different oppo...

Political changes and revolutionary occurrences, which began in some of the Middle East and North Africa countries, spilled over to Syria. These astonishing political changes, has encouraged the political and international relations analysts to study various factors and dimensions involved in these changes. Among these developments, the Syrian crisis has prolonged and led to civil war. From the...

Background and Aim: Arab revolutions occurred in late 2010, and the influence of these movements came from Deraa in Syria. Given that the Syrian crisis is a multifaceted, complex, and diverse political and security crisis with conflicting goals, then This research divides actors into three levels of internal, regional, and international in order to accurately explain the subject. Each domestic ...

abstract global financial crisis has created too many problems in relations among governments. among these problems, the issue of global monetary management, more than every time in the past four decades, has been moved in the center of international economic attentions. a problem which is specially known with the monetary hostility between united states and public republic of china. where ar...