The existing trade models suggest that for tradable goods potential partners can be many, but eventually only one (the one offering the best price) should be selected, therefore relatively few (unidirectional) trade links will appear between countries. If the structure of international trade flows describes as a network, trade link would give rise between countries. This paper exploit recently-...

Given the fluctuations in world oil prices and the endless supply of this underground resource, the pharmaceutical industry is one of the attractive sectors of investment in intra-industry trade. Intra-industry trade refers to the simultaneous export and import of a group of similar goods, resulting in product differentiation in imperfectly competitive markets and the existence of economies of ...

Energy as one of the most important factors of production, as well as one of the most important marginal products, has effential role in trade and economic development.The importance of energy has increased after the two oil crises in 1970’s. The relationship between energy and trade is an important topic to study for several reasons. If energy consumption is found to Granger cause export...

The purpose of this article is to study the factor content of trade in Iran. To improve the trade affair, Iran needs a suitable model for production, export and import of required goods. Factor content of trade detects and amplifies it to pay. In this paper using (HOV) model and input-output (IO) we evaluate factor content of trade in different sectors in 1991-2001. The results show that Factor...

on one hand, Iran due to the low annual rainfall and lack of appropriate spatial and temporal distribution in precipitation is considered as an arid and semi-arid country experiencing stress and water scarcity; on the other hand, 90% of annual water consumption has been allocated to agriculture sector in Iran and efficiency and productivity of water consumption do not enjoy favorable status in ...