T he U.S. pistachio industry, which is located almost exclusively in Califor-nia, has experienced phenomenal growth over the past thirty years. The value of U.S. production of pistachios grew from nearly zero in 1976 to $333 million by 2002. The U.S. share of the rapidly growing global pistachio industry has also increased. Outside California, the main pistachio growing region is the Middle Eas...

In this paper an intelligent separation system, based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), for classifying four different varieties of Iranian pistachio nuts, namely, Kaleghouchi (Ka), Akbari (Ak), Badami (Ba) and Ahmadagaee (Ah) is presented. To develop the ANN models a total of 3200 pistachio sound signals, 800 samples for each variety, were recorded. Features of pistachio nut varieties were...

Roasting is among the most common methods of nut processing causing physical and chemical changes and ultimately increasing overall acceptance of the product. In this research, the effects of temperature (90, 120 ,and 150°C), time (20, 35 ,and 50 min) ,and roasting air velocity (0.5, 1.5 ,and 2.5 m/s) on gravimetrical properties of pistachio nuts and kernels including unit mass, true density, o...

Pistachio is a nut with high consumption that can be affected by aflatoxin contamination. Regarding influence of this fungus on global trade, broad studies in this area seem to be necessary. In this research, pistachio nuts were coated with methyl cellulose at different concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% by immersion method. Samples were stored in an incubator (25°C) for 4 months. Imaging...

cold stress is one of the important factors which will reduce crop yield and fruit production in world. Early spring cooling and freezing weather is mostly. Possible this may considerable damage pistachio productions and farmer will lose most of their profit. Therefore study which show how pistachio plant cope freezing weather is valuable and important. The special role of amino acid in plant r...

The aim of present study was to enhance topical permeation of clotrimazole gel preparation by using various permeability enhancers such as coconut oil, pistachio oil and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). Clotrimazole gel preparations were prepared and optimized by using three factor, five level central composite design. A second-order polynomial equation was generated in order to estimate the effec...

Due to low consumer acceptance and possibility of having immature kernels, closed-shell pistachio nuts have to be separated from open-shell pistachio nuts. The feasibility of a system using non-contact impact acoustics as a means for classifying closed-shell nuts from open-shell nuts has already been shown with better discrimination performance than a mechanical system. The accuracy of an impac...