Over the past two decades, degradation damage has increased in natural ecosystems. This research focuses solely on the degradation of soil and vegetation cover in Sorkheh Eshpar National Park. For this purpose, some physical properties of the soil (specific gravity and true porosity, moisture content, a percentage of pebbles, acidity and conductivity and soil texture) were measured. Also, the d...

Introduction: One of the ways of restoration and reclamation of damaged rangeland is to use different methods of rain harvesting such as pitting, counter furrowing, flood spreading, small arc basins system and etc., along with the reduction of runoff, it increases the soil moisture content and thus increases vegetation cover. Biodiversity is most commonly used to describe the number of species....

Using satellite imagery is a reasonable option to overcome the field visits problems and limitations to evaluate the vegetation cover over the years. The present research has conducted to specify the percentage of vegetation cover of rangelands using Geographic Information System (GIS) and vegetation indices. The study area is located in Qazvin plain rangelands, Iran. In this study, the MODIS s...

Improper use of natural resources, especially soil, causes its degradation and severe soil erosion. Water erosion is an important factor causing soil degradation. Land use change of pasture would result in severe soil erosion mainly due to the reduction of vegetation cover and also surface soil disturbance. The objectives of this study were to estimate the amount of sediment, runoff and nutrien...

the present study investigated construct equivalence of multiple choice (mc) and constructed response (cr) item types across stem and content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘a’), non-stem-equivalent but content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘b’), and non-stem and non-content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘c’). one hundred seventy english-major undergraduates completed mc ...