How can a therapy be targeted to cancer if the target is in every normal cell? Because proteasomes are found in all nucleated as well as anucleated cells, it could be argued that this target is even less cancer-specific than that of conventional DNA-damaging chemotherapy. However, proteasome inhibitors clearly have made an impact in the treatment of many types of cancer and none bigger than in ...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 1-radyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphate) is the prototype member of a family of lipid mediators and second messengers. LPA and its naturally occurring analogues interact with G protein-coupled receptors on the cell surface and a nuclear hormone receptor within the cell. In addition, there are several enzymes that utilize LPA as a substrate or generate it as a produc...

vital decisions made at the strategic level in an organization are not only intricate but also costly to alter. it is therefore important to find a comprehensive approach to deal with such a possibility. one of the major problems of a common balanced scorecard (bsc)-based model in strategic management is lack of a ranking system for strategic objectives in order to enable prioritization of the ...

during recent decades, researchers have attempted to understand individual and group level behavior, at micro levels while macro level researchers studied organizational and institutional level behavior. yet few scholars have examined organizational effects on individual and group behavior and the effects of individual and group behavior on organization as a whole. such a research can lead to a...