The most exchange volume in a country will be obtained through bank system whose correct function will have a determinant role in improving economic activities. Nowadays, the customer’s rating and accreditation subject has been considered more than before by the banks due to increase the volume of overdue claims and banks’ past over dues. One of the most important tools for controlling the bank...

internal audit is a process affected by an entity ‘s board of directors, management and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives relating to operations, reporting and compliance. this definition reflects certain fundamental concepts. internal control is: • geared to achievement of objectives in one or more categories operations, repor...

The Basel II Accord pointed out benefits of credit risk management through internal models to estimate Probability of Default (PD). Banks use default predictions to estimate the loan applicants’ PD. However, in practice, PD is not useful and banks applied credit scorecards for their decision making process. Also the competitive pressures in lending industry forced banks to use profit scorecards...

The design of a credit risk measurement model in the monetary and banking system will play an important role in increasing the profitability of banking resources. This article attempts to use two models of Logit and Z Altman to determine and predict the credit risk of facilities provided to legal entities at a private bank in Iran. The variables studied in this research include qualitative vari...

This Appendix contains an overview of debt collection technologies in the U.S. and its recent evolution. In the first section we summarize how debt is collected in the U.S. Section 2 focuses on collection technology and its recent evolution. The last section describes the data sources used in the analysis. 1 Overview of the Debt Collection Process in the US We briefly describe the debt collecti...

Student loans and credit card loans represent important components of young households’ portfolios in the United States. While default rates on credit card debt are at historically low levels, default rates on student loans have increased significantly in recent years. There are important institutional differences between bankruptcy arrangements and default consequences in the two markets, whic...