the concept of shoura (council), and the relationship between shoura and democracy, has a key role in development of religious modernist debates in muslim world. the “general theory of shoura” is one of these theories on islamic democracy that provided and developed by dr. towfiq mohammad al-shavi(birth, 1918/egypt). the three aspects of his theory are: 1) the religious basis of shoura that pro...

every time a visitor sets foot in an ecotourism site, he/she causes a negative impact. this is an unavoidable fact. an ecotourism program initiates many public use activities that will have impacts ,both positive and negative. an ecotourism management plan seeks to minimize the negative impacts.therefore monitoring and managing of visitor impacts are fundamental ecotourism management strategie...

Although a potentially significant issue to managers and academics alike, opportunistic customer behavior in the service recovery context has been largely ignored. A multi-stage research program, comprising actual customer claims (Study 1), in depth customer interviews (Study 2) and three experimental studies (Studies 3, 4, 5), explored opportunistic customer claiming behavior during service re...

As more and more studies acknowledge that students are basic contributors to the learning process, factors such as self concept, (computer) self-efficacy and self-regulation are important in enhancing human performance. Nevertheless, these learner characteristics have received little attention in the e-learning environment. This paper presents the results of a study indicating significant posit...

We subscribe to the assumption that the self is fundamentally relationalÐthat is, entangled with signi®cant others Ðsuch that key elements of the self are experienced in relation to signi®cant others, even when others are not present. In our socialcognitive model of transference, transference occurs when a mental representation of a signi®cant other is activated by cues in a new person that res...

Self-concept the capacity of a person to realize his/her physical and psychic readiness and to act in the direction of discovering new inherent particulars represents a rather late acquisition in human development, nevertheless having multiple implications on the level of personality structure. Self-image, a product of self-concept represents the essential reference point of behavioural and emo...