Gas-phase electrochemistry: The direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol was investigated using an electrochemical cell. The production of phenol over a VO(x) anode was found to be significant at 50 °C. The resultant current efficiency for phenol production and selectivity toward phenol reached 76.5 and 94.7 %, respectively.

Heterogeneous catalysts of ruthenium were prepared by impregnation on activated carbon and ZSM-5 and were used to degrade phenol in the presence of peroxymonosulphate (PMS). The ruthenium based catalysts were characterised by several techniques such as XRD, SEM, and N2 adsorption. It was found that Ru-AC is highly effective in heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulphate to produce sulphate r...

The ability of the bacterium, Rhodococcus UKM-P, to degrade phenol was studied in shake flask culture. The effect of the cultivation parameters (temperature, pH, type and concentration of nitrogen source and salt concentration) on growth of the bacterium and phenol degradation was evaluated. The highest cell growth and the amount of phenol degraded (0.5 g/L) were observed in optimized cultivati...

Piotrowski, J. K. (1971). Brit. J. industr. Med., 28, 172-178. Evaluation of exposure to phenol: absorption of phenol vapour in the lungs and through the skin and excretion of phenol in urine. Volunteers were exposed to phenol vapour (5 to 25 mg/r3) by inhalation and through the skin, respectively, and the excretion of phenol in urine was examined. The retention of vapour in the lungs decreased...

Candida tropicalis isolated from acclimated activated sludge was used in this study. Cell suspensions with 5 x 10(7) cells ml(-1) were irradiated by using a He-Ne laser. After mutagenesis, the irradiated cell suspension was diluted and plated on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YEPD) medium. Plates with approximately 20 individual colonies were selected, and all individual colonies were harveste...

This work studies the use of biological and combined biological/enzymatic treatments in phenol degradation. The systems studied were conventional batch aerobic biological followed or preceded by enzymatic treatment. Tyrosinase extracted from the mushroom Agaricus bispora was employed. Biological treatment efficiently degraded effluents containing up to 420 mg.L of phenol, removing 97% of the CO...