“Double marginalization” and “Elimination of Double are catch-phrases commonly used in the IO literature. In this article, I trace back origin idea to Cournot (1838, Ch. IX) on complementary goods monopolies. Through years Cournot’s contribution remained a reference but ended being viewed as special case bilateral monopoly model. Yet, it is worth wondering why most cited paper issue nowadays (S...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core stabilization exercises on low back pain and abdominal and back muscle endurance in patients with chronic low back pain caused by disc herniation. Methods: For this purpose, 30 male and female patients with chronic low back pain due to disc herniation (age =48.55 ± 3.35) were divided into experimental and control groups (...

This study determined effect of automobile seat backrest inclination on lattisimus dorsi muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity. Myoelectric activity was determined at two seat backrest angles (90 degrees and 100 degrees inclinations).  Twenty-one (21) participants were engaged in the study. Electromygraphic activity at 90 degrees inclination had slope value of -0.065 mV/minute while ...

introduction: william's flexion exercise is recommended for any kind of non-specific low back pain. however, no clinical trial study has yet determined its effect. this study examines the effect of william's flexion exercise on pain intensity and disability in patient s with chronic non-specific and referral low back pain. materials and methods: this clinical t rial study included 32 patients w...

results no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of chronic low back pain; frequency of low back pain in clinical staff was 18% (18 individuals) and in office staff this was 17% (17 individuals) (p < 0.05). chronic low back pain in the clinical group might be related to flexion and extension, twisting, pulling or pushing, carrying, handling of patients, and sitting...