OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to investigate the renoprotecive effects of exendin-4 in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and explore the putative mechanisms. METHODS Male Balbc mice underwent sham operation or UUO surgery, and then received intraperitoneal injection of vehicle or exendin-4, respectively. After 14 days, mice were sacrificed and the left kidney...

Fluorescent proteins and epitope tags can reveal protein localization in cells animals, yet the large size of many hinders efficient genome targeting. Accordingly, studies have relied on characterizing overexpressed proteins, which might not recapitulate endogenous activities. Here, we present two strategies for higher throughput production reporters mice, focusing blastocyst model development....

Studies of knockout (KO) mice with defects in the endolysosomal two-pore channels (TPCs) have shown TPCs to be involved pathophysiological processes, including heart and muscle function, metabolism, immunity, cancer, viral infection. With objective studying TPC2's roles for first time a large, more humanlike animal model, TPC2 KO pigs were produced using CRISPR-Cas9. A major problem CRISPR-Cas9...

Background: Ischemia and reperfusion after transplantation is the main problem which decreases follicular density in the grafted ovarian. Many sources of free radicals such as xanthine oxidase were generated during ischemia. In this study, we used allopurinol as xanthine oxidase inhibitor to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury, to increase received oocytes and embryos, and to decrease Apoptosis ...

background: in the field of mammalian embryo culture, the putative influence of autocrine/ paracrine factor(s), produce by the embryos itself, is under investigation. a smaller medium drop can prevent dilution of this factor(s). objective: the objective of this study was to examine the effect of culture medium volume on in vitro development of mouse 2-cell embryos. materials and methods: the em...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic circumstance characterized by high blood glucose level and partial or absolute impairment of insulin secretion. Diabetes in females leads to sexual disorders such as loss of libido, low ovulation rate and disorder in oocyte maturation. Therefore the current study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Equisetum arvense alcoholic ext...

background: melatonin, a reactive oxygen species (ros) scavenger and an antioxidant, has been shown that can inhibit apoptosis. administration of melatonin may improve embryo development in assisted reproductive technology (art). objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of melatonin in inhibition of spontaneous and induced apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor alph (tnf-α) and act...

Background: The mitochondria are an important source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in pre-implantation embryo. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vitrification and in vitro culture of mouse embryos on their mitochondrial distribution and ATP content. Methods: The embryos at 2-PN, 4-cell and blastocyst stages were collected from the oviduct of st...

The aim of this study was to examine the possible morphological and morphometric changes resulting from vitrification of embryos at the cleavage stage. In this study, 30 mice early-cleavage embryos at different stages of cleavage, resulting from in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques, were examined before and after vitrification. Digital images were taken from embryos before and after vitrific...