Wide-ranging sociological studies have been conducted on the history of Iranian intellectuality and modernism. The findings jointly acknowledge that due to communication with the West and following the effects that was received from modernism, the first generation of Iranian intellectualism was emerged. It is said that having benefited from the translated works in its general concept, i.e. incl...

The Mesopotamian Plain is part of the Mesopotamia which extends for vast area bigger than plain. plain almost flat and lowland, has clearly defined physiographic boundaries with other surrounding provinces. a huge accumulation geomorphologic unit, where fluvial, lacustrine, Aeolian landforms prevail; fluvial units being abundant among others. However, estuarine marine forms also are developed, ...

Throughout prehistory, the cultures of Iran and Western Asia differed in important respects. Many of these differencescan be attributed to the different geographic and environmental conditions in the two regions. Western Iran is largely aheavily divided mountainous region with difficult access whereas Mesopotamia is relatively flat and open to travel andtrade. The early Holocene environment of ...

waveguides with low confinement loss, low chromatic dispersion, and low nonlinear effects are used in optical communication systems. optical fibers can also be employed in such systems. besides optical fibers, photonic crystal fibers are also highly suitable transmission media for optical communication systems. in this paper, we introduce two new designs of index-guiding photonic crystal fiber ...

Ventilation is a vital component of an underground mining operation, used to guarantee a safe atmosphere for workers and survive them from the hazardous and toxic gases. In the recent years, engineers have begun to apply new operation research techniques in order to optimize the ventilation systems to assist in achieving a regulatory compliance, reduce ventilation costs, and improve its efficie...

there are two dominant approaches to describe and understand the anatomy of complete health and well-being systems internationally. yet, neither approach has been able to either predict or explain occasional but dramatic crises in health and well-being systems around the world and in developed emerging market or developing country contexts. as the impacts of such events can be measured not simp...