Nowadays, researches pay more attention to environmental concerns consisted of various communities. This study proposes a multi-echelon, multi-period closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). A comprehensive model considers the selection of selection of technology and environmental effects. The supply chain is under a build-to-order (BTO) environment. So, there is not a final product inventory. Also, th...

In this paper using DEA technique, four-stage DEA model mooted in order to consider the situation in which returned products exist. Returned products are the inputs of the previous sub-processes that need to be reprocessed due to existence of flaws. Here, a supply chain with four stages as supplier, manufacture, distributor, and retailer with intermediate and return products has been considered...

Pharmaceutical products are a kind of perishable products. They will lose potency over time, especially if exposed to heat. And their quality is related to human health and life safety. The Pharmaceutical products should be kept at the correct temperature during the process of the supply chain, and it is necessary to carry out monitoring and tracking to the whole process. Focusing on this probl...

The supply chain represents the critical link between the development of new product and the market in pharmaceutical industry. Over the years, improvements made in supply chain operations have focused largely on ways to reduce cost and gain efficiencies in scale. In addition, powerful regulatory and market forces have provided new incentives for pharmaceutical firms to basically rethink the wa...

In the recent decades, rapid population growth has led to the significant increase in food demand. Food supply chain has always been one of the most important and challenging management issues. Product with short age, especially foodstuffs, is the most problematic challenges for supply chain management. These challenges are mainly due to the diversity in the number of these goods, the special n...

Short shelf-life grocery goods present some of the biggest challenges for supply chain management due to a high number of product variants, strict traceability requirements, short shelf-life of the products, the need for temperature control in the supply chain, and the large volume of goods handled. A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based data capture system can help solve the problems as...

The supply chain represents the critical link between the development of new product and the market in pharmaceutical industry. Over the years, improvements made in supply chain operations have focused largely on ways to reduce cost and gain efficiencies in scale. In addition, powerful regulatory and market forces have provided new incentives for pharmaceutical firms to basically rethink the wa...

Today, companies need to make use of appropriate patterns such as supply chain management system to gain and preserve a position in competitive world-wide market. Supply chain is a large scaled network consists of suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, retailers and final customers which are in coordination with each other in order to transform products from raw materials into finished goods wit...

Demand prediction plays a key role in supply chain management of fresh agricultural products enterprises and its algorithm research is a hotspot for the researchers related. A new algorithm for demand prediction of supply chain management of fresh agricultural products is advanced based on BP neural network and immune genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm. First, the deficiencies of tra...