The recreation specialization concept is finding increased use among leisure researchers. To date, it's application has been limited to studies of outdoor recreationists, including anglers (Bryan, 1977; Graefe, 1980; Ditton, Loomis, & Choi, 1992) boaters (Donnelly, Vaske, & Graefe, 1986), canoeists (Wellman, Roggenbuck, & Smith, 1982; Kaufman, 1984), hikers (Williams, & Huffman, 1986; Virden & ...

in the first part of article, published in the previous issue, the writer explained the generel charactristics of islamic political system. in this part he explains the sunnite political system. according to the writer the sunnite's attempt at presenting specific interpretations of saghafiyye led to the provision of a fairly coherent collection of the principles of the sunnite political sy...

In this paper we present the state of the art in writer identification and verification of handwritten text. In addition, a special and extensive survey of writer identification and verification of Arabic handwritten text is also included. Different feature extraction techniques are addressed showing the different research groups’ efforts as well as individual efforts. The different classificat...

Writer identification is one of the areas in pattern recognition that attract many researchers to work in, particularly in forensic and biometric application, where the writing style can be used as biometric features for authenticating an identity. The challenging task in writer identification is the extraction of unique features, in which the individualistic of such handwriting styles can be a...

Writer identification is an authorship authentication process based differences and similarities in handwriting. The main issue in writer identification is how to get the features that invariant to the writer. This study proposes Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) based off-line text-dependent to investigate the effectiveness of feature weight in writer identification. BPSO has ability t...

Acknowledgements This evaluation was supported by a grant from the Child Health and Development Institute of Connecticut. Judith Meyers provided considerable intellectual support for this evaluation and its dissemination. Crista Marchesseault coordinated the data collection and assisted with describing the ECCP service model. Liz Bicio and Sam Moy, both of Advanced Behavioral Health, were inval...