One of the key roles of a junior doctor is co-ordinating the care of their patients and communicating with different departments or specialties within the hospital. To do this, junior doctors often spend a lot of time on a daily basis contacting the hospital switchboard in order to locate a required bleep/extension/fax number, or trying to navigate an intranet based directory which can be diffi...

BACKGROUND Community service-learning (CSL) has been proposed as one way to enrich medical and dental students' sense of social responsibility toward people who are marginalized in society. AIM We developed and implemented a new CSL option in the integrated medical/dental curriculum and assessed its educational impact. METHODS Focus groups, individual open-ended interviews, and a survey wer...

Construction projects are usually associated with several challenges owing to the varying process during project lifetime. Hence, final cost of any civil engineering is influenced by many factors. There numerous ways determining a project, however, most essential approach Estimate at Completion (EAC) technique. This technique mostly favored because it considers probability risks and performance...

In this paper we develop a new approach for land leveling in order to improve the topology of a large area for irrigation or civil projects. The objective in proposed model is to minimize the total volume of cutting so that technical requirements of land leveling such as suitable slope and standard ratio of cutting to filling and maximum penstock point’s height are considered. We develop a warp...

One of the important problems in the field of Construction Industry is ‘rework’. It affects time, costs, quality, and almost every criteria of project success. As a result of rework and ineffective use of resources and materials in the workshops, there is always a considerable loss of resources, materials, investments, and workforce-time. Designing and planning through full awareness of clients...