We present a methodology for developing and evaluating cognitive architectures based on behavioural tests and suitable optimisation algorithms. Behavioural tests are used to clarify those aspects of an architecture’s implementation which are critical to that theory. By fitting the performance of the architecture to observed behaviour, values for the architecture’s parameters can be automaticall...

The results of two experiments support the thesis that emotional perspective taking entails two judgments: a prediction of one’s own preferences and decisions in a diVerent emotional situation, and an adjustment of this prediction to accommodate perceived diVerences between self and others. Participants overestimated others’ willingness to engage in embarrassing public performances—miming (Expe...

Introduction: The noise could affect some aspects of human health, including the cognitive performance. In addition to sound pressure level and exposure time, the psychoacoustic features of noise may cause destructive effects on humans. A few recent studies have been conducted on effect of sound quality on cognitive performance. This study aims to find the noise loudness and sharpness levels as...

Background: Cognitive failure is mental lapses in perception, attention, memory, and action. It occurs during routine tasks that one would usually have no difficulty in successfully completing. Cognitive performance is influenced by conditions and some individual and job characteristics and the identification of factors that affect human performance is essential to prevent human error. The purp...

introduction: age-related decreases in cognitive functions such as executive functions are a common phenomenon. cognitive rehabilitation with two main approaches, compensation and remediation, is used to help elderlies coping with these deficits. despite reported benefits, there are doubts on the efficacy of each of these approaches. we tried to provide effective computerized cognitive tasks as...

Methylphenidate (MPH) is the active ingredient of stimulant drugs that are frequently prescribed to individuals with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this chapter we examine the effect of MPH on different aspects of cognitive performance. The reviewed findings suggest that MPH effectively enhances sustained attention, response inhibition, and working memory capacities; yet ...

A recent report by Kaplan et al (1) suggested that glucose enhances cognitive performance. This work is supported by extensive evidence that modest increases in circulating glucose concentrations enhance the formation of new memories in rodents and humans (reviewed in reference 2). Glucose enhances memory for several different tasks in rodents. In humans, glucose enhances memory in healthy youn...

No matter how mild, dehydration is not a desirable condition because there is an imbalance in the homeostatic function of the internal environment. This can adversely affect cognitive performance, not only in groups more vulnerable to dehydration, such as children and the elderly, but also in young adults. However, few studies have examined the impact of mild or moderate dehydration on cognitiv...