The aging of population has become a global trend and the critical knowledge of enterprises may be lost with the retirement of senior employees. Task-based cooperation is an important method to prevent the loss of knowledge and to promote the knowledge sharing behavior between senior employees and young ones. This paper constructs the knowledge contribution payoff functions of senior employees ...

Cooperation evolves on social networks and is shaped, in part, by norms: beliefs and expectations about the behaviour of others or of oneself. Networks of cooperative social partners and associated norms are vital for pastoralists, such as Saami reindeer herders in northern Norway. However, little is known quantitatively about how norms structure pastoralists' social networks or shape cooperati...

Protectionism against economic globalization (free trade and FDI) always surges in the financial crises as the pressure from unemployment mounts. This paper aims to assess the rationality of the protectionism. Instead of analyzing from the pure economic efficiency perspective, this paper assesses the rationality of protectionism from the political relation perspective. By building a costly sign...

The Parsonian wisdom that social conflict has dissociating and disruptive effects guides the thinking of many students of economy. It leads them to believe that economic competition and cooperation are “polar opposites” and, consequently, competition between firms should hinder cooperation between them. I challenge the applicability of this intuitively appealing wisdom to economic life. My anal...

Background Over the last decade there has been an increase in healthcare expenditures while at the same time the inequity in distribution of resources has grown. These two issues have urged the researchers to review the determinants of healthcare expenditures. In this study, we surveyed the determinants of health expenditures in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) countries.   Methods We us...

How can we better explain the pattern variation of international space cooperation under economic stress? International cooperation in large-scale space application programs has become a cost-effective instrument to achieve foreign policy goals and to balance colossal expenditure deriving from natural and technological constraints, particularly under budgetary stringency. However, cooperation p...

China has undergone economic and political restructuring in the post-socialist era under the background of globalization. At the same time, its provincial governments have mobilized various forms of booming North–South City-to-city (C2C) cooperation within their respective jurisdictions during the last ten years. This paper investigates the dynamics behind such cooperation through a case study ...

The article discusses the possibilities of developing trade cooperation between Eurasian Economic Union and Cooperation Council for Arab States Gulf. purpose work is to identify analyse specific sectors economy that may offer potential interest in event creation a free zone integration associations. As result study, opportunities economic agro-industrial complex were identified. methods analysi...