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The article discusses the relationship between political parties and the state in Estonia. The analysis focuses on the development of a legal framework for political parties, different trends in public party financing, and the circulation of people between political and administrative elites. Elite circulation is examined by looking at the movement of people from political to bureaucratic posit...

In der Chirurgie spielte Training schon immer eine wichtige Rolle. Mit der Einführung minimal-invasiver Verfahren ist der Bedarf deutlich gestiegen. Neben dem Tiermodell konnte der Anwender bisher nur auf Boxoder virtuelle Trainer zurückgreifen. ELITE (endoskopisch-laparoskopische interdisziplinäre Trainingseinheit) ist ein neues voll-synthetisches ex-vivo Trainingsmodell, mit dem die unterschi...

PURPOSE To investigate pacing strategy during the 1-km time trial (TT) and 3- and 4-km individual pursuit (IP), in elite cyclists. METHODS Total times and intermediate times were obtained from the 2007 and 2008 cycling World Championships in the 1-km TT and 2006, 2007, and 2008 World Championships in the 3- and 4-km IP. Data were analyzed to examine the pacing-profiles employed and pacing str...

Challenging our fundamental conception of transformation as the antithesis of continuity, this chapter contends that in the case of the Russian youth movement Nashi, continuity and transformation have enjoyed a symbiotic, albeit restricted, relationship. Despite Nashi's resolute objective of securing the incumbent regime and maintaining political stability in the face of the perceived 'orange' ...

To solve the slow convergence speed, low precision in later period and tedious parameter setting of differential evolution when applied to complex optimization functions, an improved differential evolution algorithm (dn-DADE) based on dynamic adaptive strategy is proposed. Firstly, the elite solutions of current population are utilized in the new mutation strategy (DE/current-to-dnbest/1) to gu...

Cows with superior genetic merit, based on an economic index for milk, fat, and yields (milk-fat-protein dollars), have been designated as elite by USDA. Because of the concern that adjustment for heterogeneous variance may have resulted in inequitable state representation for elite cows, the percentages of US cows with elite status were compared by state using evaluations of registered Holstei...

BACKGROUND Lunge is one frequently executed movement in badminton and involves a unique sagittal footstrike angle of more than 40 degrees at initial ground contact compared with other manoeuvres. This study examined if the shoe heel curvature design of a badminton shoe would influence shoe-ground kinematics, ground reaction forces, and knee moments during lunge. METHODS Eleven elite and fifte...