OBJECTIVE To review research findings on the effects of estrogen on cognition, mood, memory, and degenerative brain disease in women. DATA SOURCES English-language journal articles published primarily since 1995, retrieved from a MEDLINE search and from bibliographies of selected reviews. STUDY SELECTION Investigational studies, clinical trials, and review articles examining the effects of ...

Mechanisms underlying cardioprotective properties of estrogens are not fully understood. We evaluated effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on arterial distensibility and endothelial function in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were sham operated (Sham) or ovariectomized and treated with 17beta-estradiol (OVX-E(2)) or vehicle (OVX) for 3 wk. Anesthetized rats were instrumented for measuremen...

There is a strong biological link between the growth hormone (GH) and gonadal systems in growth, development metabolism; however, regulatory interactions are poorly understood. Advances estrogen biology endocrine physiology have provided insights into mechanistic links two systems. Estrogens synthesized from androgens by aromatase which widely distributed extragonadal tissues. Local generation ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a molecule implicated in the pathogenesis of several eye diseases. In this experimental study, we planned to evaluate the effects of surgical menopause and hormone replacement therapy on VEGF levels. Thus, we studied the effects of treatments involving estrogen, estrogen and progesterone (E/P) in combination, and genistein, which is a selective estro...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the effect of transdermal estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women differs from that of oral therapy with regard to resistance to activated protein C (APC), an important risk factor for venous thrombosis, and levels of related proteins, such as protein S, protein C, and prothrombin. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized, double-blin...

Introduction: Lower level of estrogen hormone is considered as an important factor for loss of learning and memory in postmenopausal women. Although estrogen replacement therapy is used for compensation, but long-term usage of estrogen is associated with a higher risk of hormonedependent cancers. Phytoestrogens, due to fewer side effects, have been proposed to prevent menopause-related co...

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by the ingestion of a large amount of food in a short period of time and the preferential choice of high palatable food. BED is the most common eating disorder, which is associated with other medical and psychiatric complications, most notably obesity and depression [1]. The effective treatment for BED is urgently needed. We adapted a recently develo...

The effect of low serum estrogen levels on urinary bladder function remains poorly understood. Using a rabbit model, we analyzed the effects of estrogen on the expression of the isoforms of myosin, the molecular motor for muscle contraction, in detrusor smooth muscle. Expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, which differ in the COOH-terminal (SM1 and SM2) and the NH(2)-terminal (SM-A an...

Studies have shown that estrogen replacement therapy and estrogen plus progestin replacement therapy alter serum levels of total, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels. However, HDL cholesterol levels in women vary considerably in response to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). A significant portion of the variability of these levels has been attributed to genetic factors. Therefore, we investigated th...