In "The ends of a large RNA molecule are necessarily close", Yoffe et al. (Nucleic Acids Res 39(1):292-299, 2011) used the programs RNAfold [resp. RNAsubopt] from Vienna RNA Package to calculate the distance between 5' and 3' ends of the minimum free energy secondary structure [resp. thermal equilibrium structures] of viral and random RNA sequences. Here, the 5'-3' distance is defined to be the...

The perception and production of the mid-front Finnish vowels /i/, /e/, /y/, and /ø/ were investigated in fourteen Finnish-speaking subjects. In the perception experiment, synthesized long vowels were used as stimuli in order to identify category prototypes. For production, the subjects were asked to pronounce words including these vowels as short and long variants. This study introduces a new ...

Betweenness centrality is a distance-based invariant of graphs. In this paper, we use lexicographic product to compute betweenness centrality of some important classes of graphs. Finally, we pose some open problems related to this topic.

background and objectives: in continuous medical learning programs, selection of appropriate learning methods is important for streaming individuals by learning process. the goal of this study is to compare in-presence learning method with distance learning method and explore their effect on the knowledge of health workers (practical nurses) in terms of reduced expenses.   methods: the study is...

the vertex-edge wiener index of a simple connected graph g is defined as the sum of distances between vertices and edges of g. two possible distances d_1(u,e|g) and d_2(u,e|g) between a vertex u and an edge e of g were considered in the literature and according to them, the corresponding vertex-edge wiener indices w_{ve_1}(g) and w_{ve_2}(g) were introduced. in this paper, we present exact form...

Fuzzy measures are suitable in analyzing human subjective evaluation processes. Several different strategies have been proposed for distance of fuzzy numbers. The distances introduced for fuzzy numbers can be categorized in two groups:\1. The crisp distances which explain crisp values for the distance between two fuzzy numbers.\2. The fuzzy distance which introduce a fuzzy distance for normal f...